Week 1, session 2
Class Participation Activity 1:
Directed technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base
- Behaviorist theory
- Appropriate behaviors = (+) reinforcement:
Tend to enforce more of such behaviors. [E.g. stickers, praises, smiles
and free play]
- Inappropriate behaviors = (-)reinforcement
: [E.g. scolding and punishment]
- Based on operant conditioning
- Based on observations and reinforcements (goals: increase desired behaviors with rewards)
Example: Role memorization, computer
games.
- Information-processing theory
Human mind is like computer, it
stores information. There are 3 different storage: Sensory (Info sense through
receptors), short term (Info that is lost in few sec) and long term(Info that
is processed)
Example: Teaching children how to use the computer.
(Explore, constantly expose and reinforce: Repetition, further activities of
different levels, children's interest (make it attractive and memorable for
them)
- Systems theory and systematic instruction design
- Instructional task analysis
- Systematic methods of designing training
programs
- When the above 2 are combined, it results in system approach to instructional design, or systematic instructional design
Example 1 (Instructional activity):
Complete workbook pages from the basal reading series or math program that
correlates with the lesson being taught.
Example 2 (Technology activity): Use
a power point presentation to introduce meanings to new vocabulary words. Power
point could include images, dip arts and other visual aids.
- Social activism theory
Believes in hands on and
experiential learning through social interactions.
Incorporating IT: Interactive
whiteboards, Wii games (educational) that promote teamwork and develop motor
skills.
Example: Working together on tasks
of their interests.
- Scaffolding theory
- Zone of proximal development
- Learning process: trained to meet the
needs of students (instructions given should be at child's level)
- Children learn best through interacting
with the surroundings
- Socio- cultural approach to cognitive development
Example: Teacher to provide appropriate
assistance (scaffolding) on wearing clothes. Teachers can show videos to help
children and slowly remove assistance.
- Child development theory
- Children's cognitive growth develops
through 4 stages as they interact with the environment: (Sensorimotor, pre
operational, concrete operational and formal operations)
- Assimilation + Accommodation = Adaptation
Example: Provide activities
according to children's level of readiness and stage of development. If child
is in the sensorimotor stage, provide activities which allows them to explore
with their 5 senses.
- Discovery learning
Inquiry based
& constructivist approach. Not teacher directed. Active learning and allows
students to experience and explore first hand. Children will remember things
better when they discover things themselves. At the same time, they are able to
test out their new knowledge as they learn.
Example: Games (use imagery from internet and allow children to use the internet for research)
- Multiple intelligences and technology
- Multiple intelligence : Linguistic,
naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal, kinesthetic, logical, visual
and musical
- How does MI connect to it: online games,
WII, Google, Online E books, E.g. Playing piano using computer
- How can children use it: Provide computers in the classroom, learning math concept using computer
- Objectivism constructivism
Objectivism :
- Teacher directed (E.g. Question is put to
student)
- Student is told if answer is right
- Knowledge is transmitted (E.g. I tell you
step by step, you listen)
- Technology applications (Limited) E.g. MOE 2008
Constructivism:
- Student centered (E.g. Active learning)
- Self directed exploration
- Knowledge is constructed (E.g. I give you a head start, you explore and continue yourself
- Technology apps (exploration) E.g. Web based games.
- Gagne's theory of instruction
Different optimal conditions needed
for effective learning to take place.
Example: When children's attention
is gained, they can learn more (gain attention using IT: Pictures, videos, online
games)
Website evaluated: www.starfall.com
Class Participation Activity 2:
TIP in relation to journal
1.Reflect
on technological pedagogical content
To develop or reinforce simple arithmetic skills such as addition and subtraction for children entering primary schools. Researchers wants to ensure that children build a strong foundation before proceeding to secondary school. Electronic worksheets with immediate response required was used.
2.Determine
relative advantage
There is an immediate response which is more encouraging. In addition, it works as a reward system.
3.Decide
on objective and assessment
- To test if MCS improves the learning abilities of students
- Experiential design: Controlled and experiment
- To assess both speed and accuracy
4.Design
integration technology
It uses electronic worksheet using excel workbooks
5.Prepare
the instructional environment
- It should be quiet and conducive
- Age appropriate
- Sufficient computers
- Clear and consistent instructions
6.Evaluate
and revise integration strategies
Children should be inducted on how to use the computers
Quality of software: Worksheets should be in higher order form such that children are challenged.
Zone of Proximal Development: To observe and decide if the child is ready for the next level or if assistance is needed.
Class Participation Activity 4: Evaluating a website
Website evaluated: www.starfall.com
Discuss
how and area it helped in the child’s development.
After visiting the website, I think it focuses on helping children's language development. A small segment of math such as colour and numbers are also included.
Age
group for the site
Ages 2 and a half years to 6 years old.
What
kind of software?
Online storybooks, music and flash images were used.
Learning
theory it uses?
Social Activism and Multiple Intelligence theory as the website is interactive and allows children to experiment and choose the type of activities they want to be involved in. For example for a 5 year old child, he/she may want to listen to stories instead of learning how to read. Children are given a choice as to which they prefer.
Evaluate
website
It is an interactive website that allows children to listen to the sounds of the letters and provides visual examples of how the letter, for example 'A' (upper and lowercase) looks like. It also has pictures that matches the letter. [A for apple <<< picture of an apple] However, the website did not include how the letter is being formed. Children who are learning to write may not know how to create the letters.
They have a variety of areas they touched on but focuses on language development. The online storybooks are an interesting touch as some pictures are animated with sounds.
It is generally a good website as it is easy to navigate with different activities. It covers from reading of letters to recognition of sight words and reading books.
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